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infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), is a negative-sense single-stranded, bullet-shaped RNA virus that is a member of the ''Rhabdoviridae'' family, and from the genus Novirhabdovirus. It causes the disease known as infectious hematopoietic necrosis in salmonid fish such as trout and salmon. The disease may be referred to by a number of other names such as Chinook salmon disease, Coleman disease, Columbia River sockeye disease, Cultus Lake virus disease, Oregon sockeye disease, Sacramento River Chinook disease and sockeye salmon viral disease. IHNV is commonly found in the Pacific Coast of Canada and the USA, and has also been found in Europe and Japan. The first reported epidemics of IHNV occurred in the United States at the Washington and the Oregon fish hatcheries during the 1950s.
IHNV is transmitted following shedding of the virus in the feces, urine, sexual fluids, and external mucus and by direct contact or close contact with surrounding water. The virus gains entry into fish at the base of the fins.
The disease is listed as a nonexotic disease of the EU and is therefore watched closely by the European Community Reference Laboratory for Fish Diseases. To keep track of the distribution of different IHNV genotypes, a database called Fishpathogens.eu〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Fishpathogens.eu Database )〕 has been created to store data on different fish pathogens (including IHNV) and their sequences.
==Classification==
IHNV is the causal agent of infectious hematopoietic necrosis (IHN) disease of fish and is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus. IHNV is a member of the genus Novirhabdovirus,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 ICTVdB Virus Code: 01.062.0.06.001 )〕 belongs to the family of ''Rhabdoviridae''. The North American IHNV isolates are grouped based on the partial glycoprotein (G) gene sequences. The three major IHNV genogroups in North America are designated as U, M, and L for the upper, middle and lower portions of IHNV geographical range in North America. The Japanese and Korean isolates constitute a new Japanese rainbow trout genogroup.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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